Program Theory and Change

by Ji-Qiang Zhang and Billy McCarthy


blue moon fund seeks to guide its programs using a number of strategic visions. In order to make meaningful and lasting change, a foundation must influence the basic elements of society. Societies have three vital pillars: the Public, Government, and the Market. The Public can affect change through culture, Government alters society through authority, and the Market influences outcomes by the production and movement of capital. Whoever wishes to make lasting social change, be it blue moon fund or any other concerned party, must operate through one or a combination of these three actors.

To act as a catalyst for change, a foundation may take three different approaches. The first is public advocacy and moral exhortation; this will encourage the public to change behavior or preferences. This approach requires a long timeframe and large investment in outreach. Moral exhortation is often crisis driven and is most effective when the public fears for safety or comfort. The second approach is authoritative. It focuses on the power of Government to mandate new social rules. The authoritative approach requires public advocacy, policy change and development, and a measure of political power or will. The third approach to change is through market solutions, including new business models, financial innovation, technological changes, and alteration of market incentives.

blue moon fund is focused on using these three major approaches as tools within our strategic framework. Public outreach, education, and moral exhortation are focused campaigns for blue moon fund. This is due to the relative size of the foundation and the cost of education and media as compared to the response from the public. However, all three tools must be used in concert to achieve meaningful results. Public campaigns are usually implemented by blue moon fund to draw attention to action by Government and Market forces. In our Asian program, an investigation and publication on the illegal timber trade led to government action and enforcement, protecting resources and biodiversity. Our investment in bamboo technology and market development, in conjunction with development of building codes and regulations has combined market solutions with government support. These approaches, which combine market, public, and government actions, have been the most fruitful for blue moon fund. Market innovations and capital can often enact change quite quickly, as can new government mandates. However, public society must also be ready to accept these rapid changes as we attempt to mitigate environmental degradation.

No one foundation can change societal attitudes about the environment and conservation. It will take years of dedicated effort from all actors to arrive at meaningful and sustainable solutions for living on Earth. blue moon fund hopes to use a strategic mix of activity in the Public, Governmental, and Market sectors to hasten the change we hope to inspire in society.